Average number of messages on electoral fraud for all elections in the dataset

Share of messages on electoral fraud from the total amount of messages

State Duma elections 2007

Presidential elections 2008

State Duma elections 2011

Presidential elections 2012

State Duma elections 2016

Presidential elections 2018

State Duma elections 2021

Total number of messages on elections and violations by region

State Duma elections 2007

Presidential elections 2008

State Duma elections 2011

Presidential elections 2012

State Duma elections 2016

Presidential elections 2018

State Duma elections 2021

Gross regional product and share of messages on electoral fraud

State Duma elections 2011

Presidential elections 2012

State Duma elections 2016

Presidential elections 2018

State Duma elections 2021

Turnout and messages on electoral fraud

State Duma elections 2007

Presidential elections 2008

State Duma elections 2011

Presidential elections 2012

State Duma elections 2016

Presidential elections 2018

State Duma elections 2021